(a) Correctional administrators and officials should authorize and encourage resolution of prisoners complaints and requests on an informal basis whenever possible. (i) Governmental authorities should not exempt correctional agencies from their jurisdictions Administrative Procedure Act, Freedom of Information Act, or Public Records Act. Single-occupancy cells should be the preferred form of prisoner housing. (b) Within [30 days] of a prisoners placement in long-term segregated housing based on a finding that the prisoner presents a continuing and serious threat to the security of others, correctional authorities should develop an individualized plan for the prisoner. in which case did the supreme court rule that prisoners who adhere to non-traditional religious beliefs may not be denied the opportunity to practice their own religion. (h) A correctional facility should be monitored and regularly inspected by independent government entities. (a) Correctional administrators should develop and implement policies governing use of chemical agents and electronic weaponry. Is there sufficient evidence to infer that alcohol and current depression are related? Where applicable law does not provide for all such prisoners to be transferred to the care and control of a juvenile justice agency, a correctional agency should provide specialized facilities and programs to meet the education, special education, and other needs of this population. (e) Core correctional functions of determining the length and location of a prisoners confinement, including decisions relating to prisoner discipline, transfer, length of imprisonment, and temporary or permanent release, should never be delegated to a private entity. In deciding whether to assign such a prisoner to a facility for male or female prisoners and in making other housing and programming assignments, staff should consider on a case by case basis whether a placement would ensure the prisoners health and safety, and whether the placement would present management or security problems. No correctional staff member should impede or unreasonably delay a prisoners access to health care staff or treatment. Correctional authorities should video and audio record every planned or anticipated use of force from the initiation of the action, and should begin recording any other use of force incident as soon as practicable after the incident starts. Correctional officials should set forth any applicable restrictions in a written policy. Prisoners should be allowed an adequate time to eat each meal. They should have opportunities to make suggestions and express concerns, develop innovative practices, and contribute to the agencys institutional planning process. In February 2010, the ABA House of Delegates approved a set of ABA Criminal Justice Standards on Treatment of Prisoners. (k) The term prisoner means any person incarcerated in a correctional facility. (l) The term counsel means retained or prospectively retained attorneys, or others sponsored by an attorney such as paralegals, investigators, and law students. (d) Correctional authorities should review the classification of a prisoner housed in a prison at least every [12 months], and the classification of a prisoner housed in a jail at least every [90 days]. (b) Correctional authorities should use force against a prisoner only: (i) to protect and ensure the safety of staff, prisoners, and others; to prevent serious property damage; or to prevent escape; (ii) if correctional authorities reasonably believe the benefits of force outweigh the risks to prisoners and staff; and. A prisoner should not be restrained while she is in labor, including during transport, except in extraordinary circumstances after an individualized finding that security requires restraint, in which event correctional and health care staff should cooperate to use the least restrictive restraints necessary for security, which should not interfere with the prisoners labor. (iii) The institutional review board should ensure that mechanisms exist to closely monitor the progress of the study to detect and address adverse events or unanticipated problems. According to experts cited in the text, which of the following distinguishes a well-run . Correctional authorities should begin to plan for each prisoners eventual release and reintegration into the community from the time of that prisoners admission into the correctional system and facility. A prisoner who lacks the capacity to make decisions consenting or withholding consent to care should have a surrogate decision-maker designated according to applicable law, although that decision-makers consent should not substitute for the protections specified in Standard 23-6.15. (c) Subject to the restrictions in Standard 23-8.6, correctional authorities should allow prisoners to produce works of artistic expression and to submit for publication books, articles, creative writing, art, or other contributions to media outside the facility under their own names. (v) access to radio or television for programming or mental stimulation, although such access should not substitute for human contact described in subdivisions (i) to (iv). As the situation improves, privileges and activities for the affected area should be progressively increased. (a) A correctional facility should provide appropriate and individualized mental health care treatment and habilitation services to prisoners with mental illness, mental retardation, or other cognitive impairments. (x) perform the above functions in a way that promotes the health and safety of staff. (e) Any examination of a transgender prisoner to determine that prisoners genital status should be performed in private by a qualified medical professional, and only if the prisoners genital status is unknown to the correctional agency. (b) A correctional agency should allow a prisoner to examine and copy information in the prisoners file, challenge its accuracy, and request its amendment. Such a prisoner should have the opportunity to earn an equal amount of good conduct time credit for participating in alternative activities. (iii) necessary interpretive services during disciplinary proceedings or other hearings, for processes by which a prisoner may lodge a complaint about staff misconduct or concerns about safety, and during provision of health care. (v) No prisoner should be allowed to participate in behavioral or biomedical research unless that prisoner has given voluntary and informed consent in writing in accordance with an approved protocol which requires that the prisoner be informed and express understanding of: A. the likely risks, including possible side effects, of any procedure or medication; B. the likelihood and degree of improvement, remission, control, or cure resulting from any procedure or medication; C. the uncertainty of the benefits and hazards of any procedure or medication and the reasonable alternatives; D. the fact that a decision to participate or to decline participation will not affect the conditions of the prisoners confinement; E. the ability to withdraw from the study at any time without adverse consequences unrelated to any physical or psychological results of such withdrawal; and. (c) Correctional authorities should minimize the extent to which vulnerable prisoners needing protection are subjected to rules and conditions a reasonable person would experience as punitive. (d) Health care personnel or correctional authorities should provide information about a prisoners health condition to that prisoners family or other persons designated by the prisoner if the prisoner consents to such disclosure or, unless the prisoner has previously withheld consent, if the prisoners condition renders the prisoner unable to consent or if the prisoner has died. It includes the status of being actively suicidal; severe cognitive disorders that result in significant functional impairment; and severe personality disorders that result in significant functional impairment and are marked by frequent episodes of psychosis, depression, or self-injurious behavior. Reasonable steps should be taken during movement to protect restrained prisoners from accidental injury. (e) Correctional authorities should be permitted to use canines inside the secure perimeter of a correctional facility only for searches and, except in emergencies, only if prisoners have been moved away from the area to be searched. (c) Correctional authorities should provide prisoners, without charge, basic individual hygiene items appropriate for their gender, as well as towels and bedding, which should be exchanged or laundered at least weekly. Correctional authorities should employ strategies and devices to allow correctional staff of the opposite gender to a prisoner to supervise the prisoner without observing the prisoners private bodily areas. (ix) prompt review of the classification committees decision by correctional administrators. Restrictions placed on prisoners should be necessary and proportionate to the legitimate objectives for which those restrictions are imposed. A correctional agency should develop a range of housing options for such prisoners, including high security housing; residential housing with various privilege levels dependent upon treatment and security assessments; and transition housing to facilitate placement in general population or release from custody. (b) Prisoners should have the right to refuse requests for interviews and should be notified of that right and given an opportunity to consult with counsel, if they have counsel, prior to an interview. Correctional authorities should inform prisoners that their conversations may be monitored, and should not monitor or record conversations for purposes of harassment or retaliation. In developing the re-entry plan, correctional authorities should involve any agency with supervisory authority over the prisoner in the community and, with the prisoners permission, should invite involvement by the prisoners family. (e) If correctional officials conduct a disciplinary proceeding during the pendency of a criminal investigation or prosecution, correctional authorities should advise the prisoner of the right to remain silent during the proceeding, and should not use that silence against the prisoner. the first successful prisoners rights cases of the 1970s involved: In _______, the U.S. supreme court ruled that while the death penalty was constitutional, the way it was used constituted "cruel and unusual" punishment. (iv) Provision should be made for appropriate health care for adverse medical or mental health conditions or reactions resulting from participation. The ____________ is a prison governance theory which states that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak management. A correctional agency should provide community-based transitional facilities to assist in this reintegration process. 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